Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture
type: channel
description: ISSN 2682-7018 (Online) Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture (AGRICO) are open-access double-blind peer-reviewed conference proceedings which publishes original scientific research papers, reviews and case studies related to Agriculture. Learn more about AGRICO Conference
publisher: TIIKM Publishing
language: en
publication name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture
issn: 2682-7018
items: EFFECT OF SORGHUM FLOUR-CORN GRITS RATIO AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EXTRUDATES USING TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDER
items: IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND FORECASTING IMPACTS ON HABITAT CONSERVATION UNDER SDGS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA
items: ENHANCING WORK-READINESS AND EMPLOYABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL GRADUATES THROUGH A WORK-INTEGRATED LEARNING PROGRAM
items: COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILISERS ON VEGETABLE GROWTH AND YIELD IN SOUTH AFRICA
items: MICROPROPAGATION OF Dendrocalamus sericeus
items: THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM NITRATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENRATIONS ON PLANT GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT STORABILITY OF CUCUMBER “Cucumis sativus L.” VAR. PIPINITO
items: MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO PREDICT EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF SELECTED PLANT SPECIES FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION
items: EFFECTS OF TILLAGE AND COMPOST APPLICATION ON SOIL ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT AND TEFF GROWTH AND YIELD IN SOUTH AFRICA
items: THE EFFECTS OF PINEAPPLE CAPSULAR AND MICROBIAL FERTILISERS WITH DIFFERENT APPLICATION RATES ON FRUIT MORPHOLOGY, BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES, AND SOIL NUTRIENTS IN PEAT SOILS
items: CHARACTERIZATION OF CILEMBU IPOMOEA BATATAS TYPICAL AGRICULTURAL LAND USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY (ERT) AND MICROTREMOR APPROACHES
items: CHARACTERIZATION OF IPOMOEA BATATAS 'CILEMBU' NON TYPICAL AGRICULTURAL LAND USING THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY (ERT) AND MICROTREMOR APPROACH
items: THE EFFECT OF BIO-STIMULANT APPLICATION METHODS ON THE GROWTH AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF CHILLI SEEDLINGS
items: HERMETIC STORAGE TECHNOLOGY: REDUCING POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF DRIED AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
items: INVESTIGATING THE IMPACTS OF ENSO AND IOD ON RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN SOUTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA
items: THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS DURING THE FERMENTATION PROCESS AND CRITICAL MOISTURE CONTENT DURING PRODUCT STORAGE
items: COMMUNITY-COLLECTIVE ACTION AND RURAL FOOD SECURITY IN RESOURCE-SCARCE CONTEXTS A CASE-STUDY OF VILLAGE-IRRIGATION TANK CASCADE BASED FARMING SYSTEMS IN SRI LANKA
items: SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFLUENCES ON WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG DRY SEASON IRRIGATED VEGETABLE FARMERS IN JIMETA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
items: IMPACT OF ESTABLISHING A FARMER COOPERATIVE TO REACH THE WELFARE OF FARMERS IN INDONESIA
items: A STUDY OF PLANT DISEASE DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION BY DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES
items: Changes in Bean Plant Growth in Lead-Contaminated Soil
items: Drought and Biostimulant Treatments Affected Organic Acid Content of Tomato Seedlings
items: Effects of Biostimulant Treatments on Amino Acid Content of Tomato Seedling under Water Deficit
items: Distribution of Collected and Conserved Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Landraces in South African Gene Bank
items: EMBRACING WATER-SMART AGRICULTURE FOR OPTIMAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN SELECTED AREAS OF BUSHBUCKRIDGE, SOUTH AFRICA
items: ASSESSING THE ADOPTION OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: A CASE OF NKOMAZI, MPUMALANGA PROVINCE
items: A SIMULATE PLANT GROWTH RESPONSE TO BIOCHAR ON UPLAND RICE-COWPEA INTERCROP IN A FERRIC LUVISOLS SOIL IN GHANA
items: ASSESSING UPLAND RICE, BIOCHAR AND SOIL NUTRIENT MODULES IN THE GUINEAN SAVANNA ZONE (NYANKPALA) GHANA
items: INTERDISCIPLINARY FUTURE SCENARIO WITH 100PROSIM: FEWER ANIMAL FOODS PROVIDE SPACE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
items: INVESTIGATION OF GAP ADOPTION FOR CHILI GROWERS IN BAAN KAO SUBDISTRICT, SONGKLA PROVINCE, THAILAND
items: FIRST REPORT OF BIG ONION FLOWER MOLD CAUSED BY Aspergillus niger on Allium cepa L. in SRI LANKA

EFFECT OF SORGHUM FLOUR-CORN GRITS RATIO AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EXTRUDATES USING TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDER
type: item
description: Sorghum has been widely developed in the last decade, but the current utilization of sorghum is still limited. For this reason, innovation in food products that can utilize this material is needed. The extrusion process can turn certain food products into snacks with minimal processing. In addition, this snack can directly impact for food industry because is such a product innovation for health-conscious consumers. This study also aimed to determine the effect of sorghum-corn blend ratio and initial moisture content on the physical properties of extrudates. The material used was sorghum flour mixed with corn grits. The equipment used was a lab-scale twin screw extruder (Shandong, SYSLG-IV) with a capacity of 5 - 10 kg. This research design used two treatments, namely the ratio (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) and the initial moisture content of the material (12%, 14%, 16%, and 18%). Furthermore, the physical properties of the extrudate were analyzed, including final moisture content, expansion ratio, particle density, density, water solubility index, water absorption index, color, and hardness. The results showed that increasing the sorghum ratio up to 40% decreased the expansion ratio and lightness and increased particle density, bulk density, hardness, WAI, WSI, and final water content. Blending sorghum with corn grits up to 20% still showed consumable physical properties of the extrudate, while the highest moisture content still allowed as food was 14%.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: physical properties
  topic: keywords
subject: corn grits-sorghum flour
  topic: keywords
subject: extrusion process
  topic: keywords
subject: moisture content
  topic: keywords
subject: twin screw extruder
  topic: keywords
subject: snack innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Extrusion Process
  topic: subjects
subject: Food Technology
  topic: subjects
subject: Snack Inovation
  topic: subjects
creator: Natasya Salsabila Putri
creator: Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi
creator: Devi Yuni Susanti
creator: Rafaa Zahra Syarufa
creator: Syafiqoh Taqiyyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-03
publication date: 2025-03-03
starting page: 69
ending page: 82
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2024.9106

IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND FORECASTING IMPACTS ON HABITAT CONSERVATION UNDER SDGS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA
type: item
description: The projected gradual loss of biodiversity due to rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation poses a serious threat to biodiversity hotspots, such as Yunnan Province in China. These areas are rich in unique species and ecosystems, and their conservation has become a pressing global issue. As climate change continues to intensify, the challenge of conserving these vulnerable areas has become a focal point for environmental research and policy. The aim of this study was to assess and classify habitat fragmentation in core habitat areas of the province, and to model the specific values of temperature increase and precipitation sharp decrease predicted over the next 20 years in these areas. The systematic approach in this study places a strategic emphasis on identifying and establishing ideal routes that seamlessly connect high-quality habitats, ultimately enhancing biodiversity conservation efforts. Habitat quality was assessed and classified using the INVEST model combined with mean standard deviation analysis. Subsequently, core habitat areas were identified and classified by using the Morphospatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) model. The Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model was used to construct 302 ecological corridors with a total length of more than 6,000 km to mitigate habitat fragmentation and to classify their importance in order to mitigate habitat loss of flagship species such as the Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) and the Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the region. The findings of this study are contextualized within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 15 (Life on Land), which focus on biodiversity conservation and climate action. We discussed the implications of the study’s findings for the future of the region, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development and the need to conserve biodiversity, maintain ecosystem stability, and contribute to the achievement of …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: ecological corridors
  topic: keywords
subject: climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: Yunnan Province
  topic: keywords
subject: habitat fragmentation
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development goals (SDGs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: climate change
  topic: subjects
subject: SDGS
  topic: subjects
creator: Xinyuan Shen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-03
publication date: 2025-03-03
starting page: 83
ending page: 113
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2024.9107

ENHANCING WORK-READINESS AND EMPLOYABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL GRADUATES THROUGH A WORK-INTEGRATED LEARNING PROGRAM
type: item
description: Amidst a rapidly changing global agricultural landscape, a different set of knowledge, skills and attitudes is demanded by new entrants into the agricultural value chain. Such a changing landscape presents opportunities for universities to innovatively improve their products, processes, and systems. In this context, this paper presents one such innovation and focuses on the structure and content of a work-integrated experiential learning (WIL) component in the Agricultural Management curriculum offered by the Nelson Mandela University. Quality assessment feedback of students who completed a WIL program were analysed. The objective was to assess the program at two levels:1) the process level (the program design and delivery), as well as 2) the content level (improvement in managerial skills of graduates and the extent to which the Critical Cross-field outcomes (CCFOs) of the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) were addressed). Quality assessment questionnaires containing both structured and open-ended questions from different student year-groups over four consecutive years were analysed. The analysis dealt with responses (n=65) to structured Likert-type questions, supported with narratives from open-ended questions. At the process level the design and delivery of the program was rated fairly high (mean scores > scale mid-point). At the content level, the top four management skills that students perceived as having improved were teamwork, information management, decision making and cross-functional integration (> 95% rated sufficiently and above). All of the CCFOs can be achieved through the WIL program (> 78% rated sufficiently and above). The study makes a unique contribution towards emphasising how the elements of adequate design, content and execution of a WIL program can be integrated purposefully to enhance work-readiness and employability of agricultural graduates.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: work-integrated learning
  topic: keywords
subject: employability
  topic: keywords
subject: work-readiness
  topic: keywords
subject: agricultural management
  topic: keywords
subject: Work-integrated learning
  topic: subjects
subject: work-readiness
  topic: subjects
subject: employabiloity
  topic: subjects
subject: agricultural management
  topic: subjects
subject: Agricultural Management
  topic: disciplines
creator: Johan Jordaan
creator: Lize Du Preez
creator: Martin Keyter
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-03
publication date: 2025-03-03
starting page: 16
ending page: 30
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2024.9102

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILISERS ON VEGETABLE GROWTH AND YIELD IN SOUTH AFRICA
type: item
description: This study investigates environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional inorganic fertilisers in South African agriculture. Inorganic fertilisers are known to pose risks to human health, environment, and groundwater. It assesses the efficacy of organic alternatives such as vermicompost, bokashi compost, and cow manure, when compared to inorganic fertilisers concerning the growth and yield of spinach, carrots, and peas. The experiment, conducted in a 10.08 m² rural garden plot in Bhongweni, assessed plant height, leaf length, number of leaves, branches, stipules, and pods monthly. Vegetable yields were measured during harvest, focusing on the number of leaves in spinach and carrots and the number of pea pods. Statistical analyses using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were employed to determined significant differences in the growth and yield of the pre-selected vegetables based on fertiliser type. Results indicated significant effects of different fertilisers on spinach height and leaf length. For carrots and peas, organic fertilisers significantly affected growth and yield by the third month. The findings suggest that organic fertilisers, specifically vermicompost, bokashi compost, and cow manure, are promising alternatives for sustainable vegetable production compared to inorganic fertilisers. This study recommends further research to optimise application rates and understand the mechanisms behind improved plant performance with organic fertilisers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bokashi compost
  topic: keywords
subject: Cow manure
  topic: keywords
subject: crop yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Inorganic fertiliser
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: vermicompost
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable fertilisation
  topic: subjects
subject: Organic agriculture
  topic: subjects
subject: Natural sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geography
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Sciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: TIYA AMANDA ASANDA Tiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-03
publication date: 2025-03-03
starting page: 114
ending page: 129
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2024.9108

MICROPROPAGATION OF Dendrocalamus sericeus
type: item
description: Micropropagation of Sang Mon bamboo tissue culture using bamboo node explant can increase the number of plants for rapid utilization. Therefore, this experiment aimed to study the sterilization of node explant and suitable medium for shoot induction and shoot multiplication. The method suitable for disinfecting node explant for bamboo was established. First, the node explant was washed and thoroughly rinsed with soap, then immersed in 70% alcohol for 2 min, in 10% Clorox® for 15 min, in 5% Clorox® for 10 min, (Add 1-2 drops of Tween20 to Clorox®) and in fungicide (Fosetyl-aluminium) at a concentration of 1.5 g L-1 for 1 hr. The bamboo node was washed three times of autoclaved distilled water. It was found that the leas microbial contamination was 25.89±6.22% and the number of shoots was 1.35±0.24 shoots/node. This disinfection method was applied before shoot induction and shoot multiplication. For shoot induction, nodes were cultured on solid MS medium supplemented with 0, 2, 4 and 6 mg L-1 BA, with 2, 4 and 6 mg L-1 BA and 1 mg L-1 KIN and with 2, 4 and 6 mg L-1 BA and 1 mg L-1 NAA for 4 weeks. The results showed that the explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 4 mg L-1 BA had a maximum induced shoot at 67.53±7.80%, an average of shoot numbers at 4.03±0.23 shoots/node and shoot length of 3.52±0.44 cm. Then, three shoots per clump were sub-cultured onto solid medium or liquid MS medium supplemented with 0, 2, 3 and 4 mg L-1 BA for shoot multiplication. After cultured for two weeks the results showed that medium-stage and BA concentrations were not significantly different on shoot multiplications and shoot length. Hence, this protocol can be used for micropropagation of D. sericeus and a database for the tissue culture of other bamboo species.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: plant tissue culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Bamboo
  topic: keywords
subject: node explant
  topic: keywords
subject: growth regulators
  topic: keywords
subject: shoot induction and shoot multiplication
  topic: keywords
subject: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Plant Science Tissue culture)
  topic: subjects
creator: Janyapach Ratanakom
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-03
publication date: 2025-03-03
starting page: 41
ending page: 56
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2024.9104

THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM NITRATE AT DIFFERENT CONCENRATIONS ON PLANT GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT STORABILITY OF CUCUMBER “Cucumis sativus L.” VAR. PIPINITO
type: item
description: Cucumber plants var. pipinito (Cucumis sativus L.) were grown in an open field and treated with different levels of calcium nitrate (75g, 150g, and 225g) to assess its performance with different characters for pre-harvest study. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of calcium nitrate at different concentrations on plant growth, yield and fruit storability at room temperature storage. The fruits from the same grown plants were then used for the postharvest losses assessment using different level of calcium nitrate (9.36g/2L, 18.75g/2L, 28.125g/2L) by dipping the fruits for 20 minutes on the prepared solution. Calcium nitrate application at 150g (T3) resulted to higher yield and has positive effect in most of characters studied. Also, treatment of calcium nitrate on fruits after harvest was beneficial in controlling fruit weight loss and maintaining TSS at higher level during storage. Postharvest application of calcium nitrate to cucumber fruits in this study extend storage shelf life, decrease fresh weight loss, decrease leakage of electrolytes and ascorbic acid content and ethylene production. Moreover, the storability and quality of cucumber fruits was prolonged due to the positive effect of calcium nitrate application.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cucumis sativus L.
  topic: keywords
subject: Pepinito
  topic: keywords
subject: Calcium Nitrate
  topic: keywords
subject: Agriculture
  topic: subjects
subject: Crop Science
  topic: subjects
creator: Sarah Ravelo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-03
publication date: 2025-03-03
starting page: 57
ending page: 68
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2024.9105

MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO PREDICT EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF SELECTED PLANT SPECIES FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION
type: item
description: Phytoremediation is effective and sustainable for treating agricultural wastewater. Constructed wetlands use phytoremediation plant species to absorb and break down water pollutants and remediate wastewater. The growth rate and evaporation of suitable plant species are not widely reported to permit their use in constructed wetlands. This study aimed to measure the growth rate and predict the evapotranspiration rate of Typha latifolia, Phragmites mauritianus and Chrysopogon zizaniodes using the rhizobox technique. Nine rhizoboxes were constructed to establish seedlings of T. latifolia, P. mauritianus and C. zizaniodes. Evapotranspiration, root depth and leaf area were measured daily for 67 days. Multiple linear regression models (MLRMs) were derived for each plant species, where the evapotranspiration rate (ET) was expressed as a function of the following variables: leaf area (LA), root depth (RD), sunshine hours (SH), relative humidity (RH), wind run (WR), and temperature (T). T. latifolia consumed 16.70 L of water, which is approximately the total volume of water used by P. mauritianus (6.40 L) and 0 (10.51 L). The daily leaf area increases were 2.8±1.4, 11.3±7.4 and 29.2±15.0 cm2.day-1 for P. mauritianus, C. zizanioides, and T. latifolia, respectively. The daily root growth was 1.2±0.5, 1.0±0.3 and 0.6±0.2 cm.day-1 for T. latifolia, C. zizanioides, and P. mauritianus, respectively. The MLRM differed among species, and the R2 values were greater than 0.89. The regression equations obtained were as follows: T. latifolia, ET= 78+5.46*RD–0.0191*LA + 0.153*WR-2.42*RH + 2.45*T+3.74*SH; P. mauritianus, ET= 172+1.31*RD+0.552*LA + 0.170*WR–1.65*RH – 3.40*T+2.11*SH; and C. zizanioides, ET = 140+3.61*RD+0.0320*LA + 0.195*WR–1.91*RH – 0.78*T+2.83*SH. A comprehensive understanding of the determinants of evapotranspiration, vegetation growth rates and regression models is fundamental for design optimisation, successful operation and maintenance of constructed wetlands.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: rhizobox
  topic: keywords
subject: constructed wetlands
  topic: keywords
subject: evapotranspiration
  topic: keywords
subject: Typha spp
  topic: keywords
subject: Phragmites spp.
  topic: keywords
subject: Agriculture
  topic: subjects
subject: Crop Science
  topic: subjects
subject: Agronomy
  topic: subjects
creator: Navindra Boodia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-03
publication date: 2025-03-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 15
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2024.9101

EFFECTS OF TILLAGE AND COMPOST APPLICATION ON SOIL ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT AND TEFF GROWTH AND YIELD IN SOUTH AFRICA
type: item
description: Intensive farming negatively affects soil quality, by reducing the soil organic matter and increasing acidification, nitrification, desertification, contamination by agrochemicals, compaction, and erosion. The use of appropriate tillage systems (TS) and fertilizer rates is of importance to reduce these negative impacts on the environment. The integrated effect of TS and compost application on crop performance and soil quality is not often studied and requires more exploration. A factorial experiment was set-up to investigate the interaction effect of compost rate (CR) and TS on soil organic carbon (SOC), teff growth and yield during the 2021-2022 summer cropping season. Treatments consisted of two TS (minimum [MT] and conventional [CT] TS) and three rates of chicken manure co-composted with cattle manure (0, 20 and 40 t ha-1). MT involved chisel-ploughing, whereas CT involved the use of chisel-plough, mould-board plough, and disc-harrow. Grain yield (GY) and SOC from the MT were significantly higher (35% and 69%, respectively) than those recorded from the CT. The 20 t ha-1 rate under MT gave the highest SY (2511 kg ha-1), while the control under CT gave the lowest SY (1223 kg ha-1). Generally, compost application increased SOC, plant height, panicle length, GY and SY by up to 30%, 8%, 15%, 24% and 44% (20 t ha-1), respectively, compared to control. In conclusion, this study revealed that reducing tillage activities leads to more SOC and that it is important to consider the CR and TS interaction when selecting the agronomic practices for optimizing straw production.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: compost
  topic: keywords
subject: minimum tillage
  topic: keywords
subject: soil organic carbon
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: teff yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Agronomy
  topic: subjects
subject: Soil Science
  topic: subjects
subject: soil fertility
  topic: subjects
subject: compost
  topic: subjects
creator: Manare Maxson Masowa
creator: Phesheya Dlamini
creator: Ian du Plooy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-03
publication date: 2025-03-03
starting page: 31
ending page: 39
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2024.9103

THE EFFECTS OF PINEAPPLE CAPSULAR AND MICROBIAL FERTILISERS WITH DIFFERENT APPLICATION RATES ON FRUIT MORPHOLOGY, BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES, AND SOIL NUTRIENTS IN PEAT SOILS
type: item
description: The MD2 variety of pineapple exhibits a substantial level of demand from both China and the Middle East, emphasising the significance of this crop in these regions. Most pineapple cultivation in Malaysia occurs in peat soil, requiring substantial fertiliser application throughout growth. Peat soil exhibits limited productivity and does not adequately facilitate optimal plant growth. A research investigation was undertaken to mitigate the reliance on traditional fertilisers by utilising capsular fertilisers and microbes to improve the growth of pineapple crops in peat soil. Seven treatments and four replications were performed using conventional pineapple fertiliser and capsule fertiliser with microbes at various fertiliser application rates. The pineapple cultivar employed in this study is MD2. The findings indicate no statistically significant impact on pineapple morphology when comparing capsule fertiliser and microbes to conventional fertiliser. However, the fruit weight of conventional fertiliser is slightly heavier. Nevertheless, in terms of flavour, pineapple cultivated with capsule and microbial fertiliser exhibits a more pronounced sweetness than conventional fertiliser. The observed nutrient content in the soil did not demonstrate a statistically significant impact across all treatment conditions. Nevertheless, utilising capsule fertilisers containing microbes with lower application rates than conventional fertilisers proves to be a viable approach in mitigating the overreliance on chemical fertilisers while concurrently fostering the growth of pineapple plants..
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: fertiliser
  topic: keywords
subject: beneficial microorganisms
  topic: keywords
subject: peat soil
  topic: keywords
subject: Agriculture
  topic: subjects
creator: EA Kamal Rafedzi
creator: MN Zubir
creator: NS Md Sam
creator: NF Abd Halim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-03-18
publication date: 2024-03-18
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2023.8108

CHARACTERIZATION OF CILEMBU IPOMOEA BATATAS TYPICAL AGRICULTURAL LAND USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY (ERT) AND MICROTREMOR APPROACHES
type: item
description: Agricultural productivity is highly correlated with soil physical characteristics. Generally, the characterization of agricultural land is done traditionally, but this research raises a new problem in agriculture where the characterization of the physical properties of agricultural land is determined based on microtremor data processed using the HVSR method. Determination of the physical characteristics of the soil in this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the physical properties of the soil on the productivity of sweet potato farming land. This research was conducted on sweet potato farms in Cilembu village. The results of this study provide information about the structure of shallow soil layers in Cilembu sweet potato farms, also can be used by farmers to determine good land for planting sweet potato by knowing the thickness of the layer and the friability of the soil based on the value of the dominant frequency and amplification obtained from microtremor processing data. The results of HVSR method show that the more fertile areas frequency values are in range 9 – 14 Hz, and amplification from the range 2.5 – 4. Meanwhile, the range of resistivity values shows a quite large value in range 100 – 2400 Ωm, indicated that the soil in the Cilembu area originates from weathering of young volcanic rocks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: agricultural geophysics
  topic: keywords
subject: ERT
  topic: keywords
subject: microtremor
  topic: keywords
subject: soil characterization
  topic: keywords
subject: Agrogeophysics
  topic: subjects
subject: Geophysical Engineering
  topic: disciplines
creator: YN Edlyn
creator: LA Muhammad
creator: AS Teuku
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-15
publication date: 2023-12-15
starting page: 75
ending page: 85
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2023.8107

CHARACTERIZATION OF IPOMOEA BATATAS 'CILEMBU' NON TYPICAL AGRICULTURAL LAND USING THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY (ERT) AND MICROTREMOR APPROACH
type: item
description: Soil characterization investigations for the distribution of fertile soils have been carried out on non-typical agricultural lands with the aim that farmers can assess soil fertility problems which can increase crop productivity. This characterization was carried out using a high-precision agricultural approach with currently developing geophysical technology. The geoelectrical method is one of the geophysical methods that can be used to map spatial and temporal variations of soil physical properties. while Microtremor measurements can also be used in soil structure surveys to determine subsurface conditions. From these two methods, data were processed using geopsy software and RES2DINV which produced parameters of dominant frequency (f0), amplification (A), and resistivity (ρ). The processing results obtained resistivity values from 100 to 600 Ωm, dominant frequency values from 3.697 to 4.545 Hz and amplification values from 3.1 to 5.4. The study area shows resistivity values ranging from 100 to 600 Ωm, this indicates an alluvial soil type area that is rich in minerals and suitable for cultivating organic Cilembu sweet potato. This agricultural area also has a frequency value below 4 which indicates that the area has thick sediment, this is due to the decreasing topography of the land from east to west so that there are differences in elevation on agricultural land. This agricultural area also has an amplification value above 4 which indicates that in this area the soil is heterogeneous, dense enough to allow the soil to absorb water better so that in that area the soil is more fertile than soil with low amplification (< 4).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cicalengka
  topic: keywords
subject: ERT
  topic: keywords
subject: Microtremor
  topic: keywords
subject: Agriculture Geophysics
  topic: keywords
subject: Sweet Cilembu Potato
  topic: keywords
subject: Teuku Abdullah Sanny
  topic: subjects
subject: Muhammad Luthfi Asrib
  topic: subjects
subject: Edlyn Yoadan Nathania
  topic: subjects
subject: Agriculture Geophysics
  topic: disciplines
creator: LA Muhammad
creator: AS Teuku
creator: YN Edlyn
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-15
publication date: 2023-12-15
starting page: 57
ending page: 74
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2023.8106

THE EFFECT OF BIO-STIMULANT APPLICATION METHODS ON THE GROWTH AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF CHILLI SEEDLINGS
type: item
description: Bio-stimulants have gained vast recognition in recent years as vigorous research has been conducted to improve crop growth, yield, and quality. However, bio-stimulant utilization in soilless systems has been limited due to their rapid degradation and short lifespan. New formulations are essential to extend the longevity of bioactive compounds in the target site. This paper highlights the effect of different application methods, such as drenching soilless medium and foliar application, on the chlorophyll, total phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid contents in chilli leaf. A completely randomized block design (RCBD) consisting of five treatments and three replications with ten plants per replication was adopted in this study. Moringa leaf extract (MLE) was prepared in a nano-emulsion form while bacteria were incorporated in nano-gel. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (IBM Statistics, version 28, USA). Foliar application of MLE nano-emulsion significantly increased the chlorophyll content (35.958±7.19 mg g-1) in chilli leaf than the drenching method (26.545±0.5 mg g-1) and non-encapsulated MLE foliar treatment (12.233±2.33 mg g-1). In addition, carotenoid (2.138±1.68 mg g-1) and phenolic contents (1.090±0.17 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1) in chilli leaf were higher when nano-emulsion of MLE used as foliar application than non-encapsulated MLE (1.725±1.08 mg g-1 of carotenoid and 0.993±0.16 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 of phenolic content). Compared to other treatments, the seedlings treated with encapsulated bacteria and nano-emulsion of MLE showed a significant increase in plant height. It was found that MLE nano-emulsion improved the photosynthetic activities of chilli plants significantly by increasing the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents when used as a foliar application. Nano-encapsulation technique protects the active ingredients in MLE and increases the absorption due to their nano-size and large surface area.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: bio-stimulant
  topic: keywords
subject: nano-encapsulation
  topic: keywords
subject: bacteria, moringa
  topic: keywords
subject: drenching
  topic: keywords
subject: foliar
  topic: keywords
subject: Bio-stimulant
  topic: subjects
subject: Plant Science
  topic: disciplines
creator: S Matthews
creator: A Ali
creator: Y Siddiqui
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-15
publication date: 2023-12-15
starting page: 47
ending page: 56
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2023.8105

HERMETIC STORAGE TECHNOLOGY: REDUCING POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF DRIED AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
type: item
description: Insect infestation and mold growth are major problems during long-term storage of dried agricultural commodities as they result in weight loss, contamination, deterioration, and increase chances of fungal contamination. Mold growth often results in mycotoxin production, which is associated with health problems including aflatoxicosis, cancer, and micronutrient deficiencies. Hermetic storage technology, a bio-generated modified atmosphere based on oxygen-depleted and carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere caused by respiring living organisms in the sealed storage, was utilized for various trials in several locations. Several installations were done using GrainPro hermetic solutions including GrainPro Cocoon, Cocoon Indoor, and GrainPro Hermetic Bags (GHBs). Maize was stored in GrainPro Cocoon in Indonesia and was monitored using EcoWiSe, wireless sensing system designed to remotely monitor temperature, % Relative Humidity, and carbon dioxide level in gastight container. From this set-up, an increase in carbon dioxide level was observed and dead insects were found after long-term storage of maize. In the Philippines, rice bran was stored in GrainPro Cocoon for two months. The Free fatty acid (FFA) level remained low due to low oxygen levels inside the Cocoon. A trial was conducted in India for storage of red chili pepper (RCPs) in Cocoon Indoor and GHBs. Cocoon Indoor and GHBs were proven to be effective in preventing aflatoxin production during storage of RCPs for six months. Hermetic storage technology minimizes storage losses, prolongs shelf-life of agricultural goods by eliminating insect infestation, preserving the quality of stored commodity, and inhibits growth of molds and toxin production.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: hermetic storage
  topic: keywords
subject: grains
  topic: keywords
subject: insects
  topic: keywords
subject: modified atmosphere
  topic: keywords
subject: carbon dioxide
  topic: keywords
subject: oxygen
  topic: keywords
subject: post-harvest technology
  topic: subjects
creator: MB Ocreto
creator: LAP Fuertes
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-15
publication date: 2023-12-15
starting page: 37
ending page: 45
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2023.8104

INVESTIGATING THE IMPACTS OF ENSO AND IOD ON RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN SOUTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA
type: item
description: Agriculture is a key sector in Indonesia, with rice being a staple crop and a major source of food for the country's population. However, climate variability, including El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events, can have significant impacts on agricultural productivity, particularly in lowland swamp areas where rice is cultivated. This research investigates the impact of both ENSO and IOD on rainfall and rice productivity in lowland swamp areas of South Sumatra, Indonesia, with a focus on food security. The study uses precipitation datasets generated by merging a satellite-gauge precipitation with precipitation observations from several rain-gauge stations located throughout South Sumatra for the period of 1983-2022. Historical data indicates that El Niño events combined with positive IOD phases lead to decreased rainfall in South Sumatra, often causing droughts. In contrast, La Niña phases with negative IOD increase precipitation, resulting in potential flooding and waterlogging issues. Rice cultivation analysis highlights Supron I as the predominant harvesting period, with 49.8% of the total harvested area. Following El Niño periods, there is a rise in harvested areas of Supron I, likely due to the transformation of dried swamps into farmable land. However, increased rainfall during La Niña adversely affects rice yields in this period. These observations highlight the importance of adaptive strategies in the face of climate variability to ensure food security in the region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ENSO
  topic: keywords
subject: IOD
  topic: keywords
subject: rice productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sumatra
  topic: keywords
subject: lowland swamp area
  topic: keywords
subject: Agroclimatology
  topic: subjects
subject: Agroclimatology
  topic: disciplines
creator: W Wandayantolis
creator: D Budianta
creator: Y Yakup
creator: D Gunawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-15
publication date: 2023-12-15
starting page: 24
ending page: 36
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2023.8103

THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL PARAMETERS DURING THE FERMENTATION PROCESS AND CRITICAL MOISTURE CONTENT DURING PRODUCT STORAGE
type: item
description: Trichoderma sp. is a well-known biocontrol agent of Ganoderma basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palms. A lot of commercial products containing the beneficial microbe are available around the world. PalmaShield, containing Trichoderma asperellum (M103), is one of the commercialized and marketed products in Malaysia by FGV Agri Services Sdn. Bhd. M103 has already been proven to suppress Ganoderma growth in in-vitro studies by causing more than 85% inhibition of radial growth and has reduced more than 50% of BSR disease infections at the nursery stage. The journey to mass produces the M103 requires optimization of the fermentation process and maintaining the stability of the final product. For the fermentation process, the physical parameters were tested. M103 can grow well in submerged fermentation with an initial pH of 3, an incubation temperature between 28 and 30°C, a shaker speed of 150 rpm, and an inoculum size of 2 to 3% v/v. The culture broth from the fermentation process is mixed with clay for the development of powder formulations. During the final stage, continuous contamination of the final product in storage would be challenging. The moisture content of the final product was found to be the critical parameter to be controlled to eliminate the risk of bacterial contamination and maintain the viability of M103. Therefore, several drying techniques were studied, and product stability was monitored for 1 year. These findings provide important parameters to be controlled during the production process of Trichoderma’s product in powder form.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: contamination
  topic: keywords
subject: fermentation
  topic: keywords
subject: powder
  topic: keywords
subject: Trichoderma
  topic: keywords
subject: Fermentation and Microbial Product Development
  topic: subjects
creator: NH Bohari
creator: EM Mohd Fishal
creator: IB Abd Razak
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-15
publication date: 2023-12-15
starting page: 12
ending page: 23
doi: 10.17501.26827018.2023.8102

COMMUNITY-COLLECTIVE ACTION AND RURAL FOOD SECURITY IN RESOURCE-SCARCE CONTEXTS A CASE-STUDY OF VILLAGE-IRRIGATION TANK CASCADE BASED FARMING SYSTEMS IN SRI LANKA
type: item
description: Sustenance of local farming systems (FS) is inevitably linked with resource-endowment and the attributes of communities associated with them, playing a key role in ensuring rural food security. Hypothesizing that the local communities adopt collective action under resource-scarce contexts in community-managed FSs, this study explores the drivers and role of collective action in sustainable management of rural FSs. The study context refers to resource scarcity induced by impacts of climate change and severe economic crisis on the FSs established under Village-Tank-Cascade-Systems(VTCS) in the rural dry zone of Sri Lanka. Medde-Rambewa cascade system located in Nawagattegama, Puttalam district of Sri Lanka was the geographical scope of the study. Case-study approach was used with mixed methods of data collection and analysis. A household questionnaire survey (n=88), focused group discussions, in-depth interviews and field observations were used for primary data collection. Based on the findings, community members were found to adopt collective strategies for scarce resource management when they perceive themselves as key stakeholders in the sustenance of resource systems, coupled with awareness on causes (X2(1, N=88) =4.29, p=0.038) and effects (X2(1, N=88) =6.41, p=0.011) of resource degradation in the FSs established under VTCS. Collective irrigation-water sharing (Bethma) in lowland FSs (92%), sharing of labour (34%) and other farming inputs (seeds, fertilizer and machinery) (64%) were found to be adopted as strategies in response to resource scarcity. Findings support the hypothesis and the study concludes that resource scarcity itself, community members’ recognition on their role as key stakeholders of resource management and awareness on the nature of resource endowment are drivers of collection action within communities managing FSs established under VTCS, ultimately contributing to ensure rural food security.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: community
  topic: keywords
subject: collective action
  topic: keywords
subject: rural
  topic: keywords
subject: farming systems
  topic: keywords
subject: resource scarcity
  topic: keywords
subject: food security
  topic: keywords
subject: Collective action and Rural food security
  topic: subjects
creator: IDKSD Ariyawanshe
creator: M Fujimura
creator: AHMSWB Abeyrathne
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-15
publication date: 2023-12-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.1750126827018.2023.8101

SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFLUENCES ON WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG DRY SEASON IRRIGATED VEGETABLE FARMERS IN JIMETA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study analyzed the socio-economic influence of water management practices employed by dry season irrigated vegetable farmers in Jimeta, Yola North local government area, Adamawa State, Nigeria in November 2021. The data for this study were obtained by purposive sampling of 100 farmers using structured questionnaires and descriptive analytical tools such as frequencies and tables were used. Results show that 81% of the farmers practice surface irrigation, while 19% practice manual irrigation method. Respondent farmers indicate that there has been an increase in yield output in using selected irrigation method 75% agreed to that while 25% said no. Irrigation interval or frequency shows 13% irrigate after 1day interval, 49% indicate 2days interval before the next irrigation and 38% irrigate after 3days interval. Respondent farmers 24% said they experienced low level of water from water source, while 76% said they never experienced such low level. Farmers, 23% said they conserve water by repairing leaks in irrigation systems, 21% said they acquired knowledge in crop water requirements. Adoption of soil moisture monitoring device or climate information to determine when to irrigate were 21%, while 21% adjust their operating parameters of irrigation systems under windy conditions. The socio economic characteristics of the respondent farmers show more males, the level of informal education is low and farmers are not owners of the farm. The higher the educational attainment of farmers the higher their tendency to adopt more efficient irrigation methods and it is the same with farmers sources of information which in the study were found to be through radio. The study shows farmers practices of irrigation is influenced by their education and sources of information, 62% irrigate plot in interval of 1day and 2days is not good for water management practices. Belonging to cooperative organization, will help farmers learn from each other’s experience, the study shows this is …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Water Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-economic Characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: Irrigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Vegetable Farmers
  topic: keywords
subject: Agriculture
  topic: subjects
creator: F Timon
creator: N Preuksa
creator: K Khawmee
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-05-31
publication date: 2023-05-31
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2023.7203

IMPACT OF ESTABLISHING A FARMER COOPERATIVE TO REACH THE WELFARE OF FARMERS IN INDONESIA
type: item
description: Farmer cooperative, a priority program that must be realized to improve the welfare of farmers who are the main support for economic growth in facing challenges, during COVID-19 pandemic. The problem in Indonesia is that most farmers only have a narrow farming scale or less than 0.5 ha, it is almost impossible for farmers to organize themselves effectively and efficiently. For this reason, the research aims to analyze the extent to which the interests of farmers' corporations in improving the welfare of farmers. The research method is sourced from relevant stakeholders from the farmer level to the government, using a SWOT analysis and supporting secondary data, which was carried out in Demak Regency, Central Java Province. The results show that the rice farmer corporations in Demak Regency started from the Citra Kinaraya Multipurpose Cooperative (KSU) as a Primary Cooperative with its main business being the cultivation and marketing of specially packaged rice. Some of the products that have been produced include brown rice, black rice, milky rice and genki rice (mix) with a rice production capacity of around 40-50 tons/month. This capacity has only reached about 5% of the production target of around 875-1000 tons of special rice per month, which is produced from a harvested area of 18-20 ha·day. Currently the Citra Kinaraya Multipurpose Cooperative is developing into a Provincial Primary Cooperative by consolidating farmers outside the District of Demak, like District of Kudus, Grobogan, Banyumas, Sragen, Semarang and Purworejo. In 2020, it has been initiated that this corporation will become a Farmer Corporations Major Project implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture involving Ministries/Agencies and Local Governments and serve as a benchmark in developing 345 Farmer Corporations until 2024.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: farmers cooperative
  topic: keywords
subject: priority program
  topic: keywords
subject: consolidating farmers
  topic: keywords
subject: multipurpose cooperative
  topic: keywords
subject: Agriculture
  topic: subjects
creator: M Ikhsan
creator: D Rukmana
creator: IM Fahmid
creator: AN Tenriawaru
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-05-31
publication date: 2023-05-31
doi: 10.17501/ 26827018.2023.7201

A STUDY OF PLANT DISEASE DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION BY DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES
type: item
description: Agriculture is an important sector in India. In developing countries like India, employment opportunities are provided on large scale. Agriculture comprises many crops and nearly 70% of the population is depending on agriculture. In this study, we have collected more than 30 papers that are published on plant leaf disease identification and classification using Deep Learning algorithms. Plant leaf disease can be occurred by various factors like bacteria, viruses and fungi etc. Identifying the infected leaves is a demanding task for a farmer and also for a researcher. Nowadays, farmers are using pesticides on plants, as a result, it affects human health directly or indirectly and it causes economical loss. Plant Disease Detection techniques are used by the researchers in order to prevent it and the disease will be identified on time. This study will be a helpful resource for the researchers to identify the specific type of plant leaf diseases through deep learning techniques. This paper presents a detailed survey on different papers of various plant leaf diseases depending upon some important criteria like the number of classes (diseases and healthy), size of image dataset, pre-processing, image segmentation, types of classifiers, the accuracy of classifiers, etc
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Plant Disease Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Transfer Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Classifiers
  topic: keywords
subject: Image Processing
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learnig
  topic: subjects
subject: CNN models
  topic: subjects
subject: Agriculture
  topic: disciplines
creator: D SandhyaRani
creator: K Shyamala
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-05-31
publication date: 2023-05-31
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2023.7202

Changes in Bean Plant Growth in Lead-Contaminated Soil
type: item
description: Heavy metals are the stress factors that cause important problems in plant production and environment. Among the heavy metals that cause a decrease in plant growth and development, lead can have an important effect depending on its concentration. Higher concentrations in root rhizosphere can negatively impact plant growth and yield. In this study, parameters related to plant growth were investigated in beans grown in soil contaminated with lead at different concentrations (0, 1000, 1500, 2000 mg kg-1). The potting soil prepared in the greenhouse study was first treated with the indicated doses of lead and left to incubate for three weeks, and then seeds were sown in to the pots. In the study, the effect of lead application was evaluated on stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, SPAD value, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, electrical leakage (EL) and leaf relative water content (LRWC) of bean seedlings. Findings of the study indicated that there was a significant decrease in growth and chlorophyll contents of bean seedlings in parallel with the increased lead dose. Also, with increasing lead level, LRWC decreased while EL increased. As a result, it has been determined that lead led to reduce in growth and development in bean seedlings, and seen that in the next stage, it will cause significant reductions in yield leads to economic loss of income for the producer.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: bean
  topic: keywords
subject: heavy metal stress
  topic: keywords
subject: lead
  topic: keywords
subject: plant growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil Science
  topic: subjects
subject: Crop Science
  topic: subjects
creator: M Yüce
creator: M Ekinci
creator: E Yildirim
creator: M Turan
creator: S Örs
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-11-24
publication date: 2022-11-24
starting page: 29
ending page: 33
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2022.7104

Drought and Biostimulant Treatments Affected Organic Acid Content of Tomato Seedlings
type: item
description: Water stress causes significant problems in plant growth and development in arid and semi-arid regions in the world. Water stress symptoms especially appears during the seedling period of plants in many crops. However, the tolerance of plants to water stress can be increased with some exogenous biostimulant applications. The present study investigated the effect of exogenous biostimulant application on organic acid content of tomato seedlings under water stresses conditions. The study was conducted as pot experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions. Drought stress treatments was applied in two different levels; full irrigation (100%) and 50% of the field capacity in the study. 1% Zn, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Azosprillum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1x109cfu/ml) mixture were used as a biostimulant treatment. The biostimulant solutions were prepared at a ratio of 1/10 and 1/5 and given to the tomato seedlings three times with one-week intervals as root drench. The effects of water stress and the solutions on organic acid content of tomato seedlings were determined in the study. The results were differed depending on the organic acid type under water stress and non-stress conditions. However, depending on the application doses; the negative effect of lower irrigation level on the organic acid content was alleviated. The results of the biostimulant application doses found statistically significant. In most of the organic acids, the application dose makes massive differences on the content of the organic acids. As a result, it is thought that the effect of lower irrigation level on tomato seedlings in terms of organic acid content can be improved by exogenous biostimulant applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: drought
  topic: keywords
subject: organic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: stress
  topic: keywords
subject: tomato
  topic: keywords
subject: Food Science
  topic: subjects
subject: Agronomy
  topic: subjects
creator: E Yildirim
creator: M Ekinci
creator: M Yüce
creator: M Turan
creator: S Ors
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-11-24
publication date: 2022-11-24
starting page: 21
ending page: 28
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2022.7103

Effects of Biostimulant Treatments on Amino Acid Content of Tomato Seedling under Water Deficit
type: item
description: In this study, the effect of biostimulant treatment against water stress in tomato seedling period was investigated. In the study conducted in the greenhouse conditions, water stress was applied in two different levels; full irrigation (100% of the field capacity) and 50% of the field capacity. The product used as a biostimulant has 1%Zn, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Azosprillum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1x109 cfu/ml) content. The solutions prepared at a ratio of 1/10 and 1/5 and were given to the plants three times with one-week intervals. The effects of water stress and biostimulant treatments on amino acid content in tomato seedlings were investigated. As a result of this study, some of the amino acid content in the plant leaf with has increased and some have decreased under different water availability conditions according to the amino acid type. However, depending on the application doses, it was seen that the negative effect of water stress on the amino acid content was alleviated. As a result of the current study, the effect of applications in reducing the damage caused by water stress on tomato seedlings may also be important in terms of amino acid content.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: amino acid content
  topic: keywords
subject: drought stress
  topic: keywords
subject: tomato seedling
  topic: keywords
subject: bio-stimulant
  topic: keywords
subject: Crop Science
  topic: subjects
subject: Biology
  topic: subjects
creator: E Yildirim
creator: M Yüce
creator: M Ekinci
creator: M Turan
creator: S Ors
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-11-24
publication date: 2022-11-24
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2022.7101

Distribution of Collected and Conserved Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Landraces in South African Gene Bank
type: item
description: Plant genetic resources are a collection of potentially useful genetic material that is found both within and between certain taxonomies. A good understanding of their distribution is necessary to protect the plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Understanding the locality of the collected and conserved sorghum landraces in South African gene bank's germplasm core collection is therefore critical. The study, therefore aimed at mapping and quantifying the geographic distribution of sorghum landraces in germplasm core collection of the South African gene bank from 1996 to 2008. 312 sorghum landraces were collected and conserved in South African gene bank between 1996 and 2008. The geographical location of 152 villages in 57 municipalities, located in 23 District Municipalities of six (6) Provinces, was used to generate a spatial distribution of Sorghum accessions. The sorghum collections in the South Africa gene bank core collection revealed an important dispersion, covering different geographic areas, with the majority (40.1%) of collections made in Limpopo Province for a period of 12 years. It was observed that in 2003, the sorghum collection increased by more than three time the initial collection in 1996. In contrast, there was a decreasing trend of sorghum collection observed between 2003 and 2008. Crop diversity may be necessary for future climate adaption, and its conservation is dependent on human activities and performance. The current analysis is also valuable in identifying collection priority locations, both explored and unexplored. Between 1996 and 2008, there were changes in the geographical distribution of sorghum germplasms in South Africa, which might be related to changes in climatic and agronomic conditions, the introduction of new varieties, and/or the development of new agricultural practises.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Plant genetic resources
  topic: keywords
subject: geographic mapping
  topic: keywords
subject: geographic distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: sorghum
  topic: keywords
subject: Plant genetic resources
  topic: subjects
subject: landraces
  topic: subjects
subject: Breeding
  topic: disciplines
subject: crop science
  topic: disciplines
subject: agronomy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Lehlogonolo Abner Matelele
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-11-24
publication date: 2022-11-24
starting page: 10
ending page: 20
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2022.7102

EMBRACING WATER-SMART AGRICULTURE FOR OPTIMAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN SELECTED AREAS OF BUSHBUCKRIDGE, SOUTH AFRICA
type: item
description: Agriculture plays an important role for income generation, economic growth, and employment for majority of people. Agricultural production has become the very means of alleviating poverty. In pursuit to meet the growing demand for food to sustain the ever-growing population, the need to salvage farming and farm productions from extreme climate events using water smart practices remains paramount. The conservation of water resources for a water-scare country, such as South Africa, is important for agricultural development. Water-smart agriculture aims at addressing issues associated with water availability, water use efficiencies as well as water conservation for optimal production. The study was conducted in Chochocho, Bushbuckridge Local Municipality, South Africa. The aim of the study was to examine the adoption of water smart agriculture, and to determine the water use efficient practices employed by farmers in the study area. Random sampling method was employed, and data was collected using structured and semi-structured questionnaires as well as focus group discussion. Furthermore, the descriptive and inferential statistics were used to explain responses from respondents and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 27) software was used for the analysis. The study found that farmers’ adoption of water smart agriculture practices was hinged on several heterogeneous variables. The study recommends amongst others, the need to conserve water for agricultural production, and water infrastructural development for local food security must be improved. Additionally, water demand and supply management issues must be addressed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adoption
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Smart Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Farmers
  topic: keywords
subject: Behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: Productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate change
  topic: subjects
subject: Sustainable development
  topic: subjects
subject: Poverty alleviation
  topic: subjects
subject: Food security
  topic: subjects
creator: Shalia Matilda Ndlovu
creator: Azikiwe Isaac Agholor
creator: Moses Zakhele Sithole
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-02-22
publication date: 2022-02-22
starting page: 20
ending page: 32
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2021.6102

ASSESSING THE ADOPTION OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: A CASE OF NKOMAZI, MPUMALANGA PROVINCE
type: item
description: Climate change is a threat to agricultural productivity and the overwhelming effects of climate change hinders the quest for sustainable agriculture, with the aim of satisfying the increasing demands for food and fiber. Adaptation to the ever-changing climate is a necessity for the agricultural sector. The study was conducted in Nkomazi Local Municipality. The study assessed the adoption of conservation agriculture in relation to climate change by smallholder farmers. Focus group discussion, structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used to randomly collect data from selected smallholder farmers. The data was analyzed using the binary logistics regression model to determine adoption behavior of farmers in the use of conservation agriculture. Logistic regression result show that several predictor variables were found to significantly influence the adoption behavior of smallholder farmers in the area. The study noted the existence of significant variables to include age, education, household size, income, number of children, and adoption of conservation agricultural practice. Marital status of the farmers was found not to be significant and never to influence the adoption behavior of farmers with a p-value of (0.911) and co-efficient of (0.102). Furthermore, thoughtful decision process and smallholder farmers’ capacity development and training on conservation techniques must be accentuated. It is therefore, recommended that future research be undertaken on the extent to which the effects of climate change affect farmer’s productivity as well as the lack of youth involvement in agricultural production in the study area.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate
  topic: keywords
subject: Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Adoption
  topic: keywords
subject: Decision
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate change
  topic: subjects
subject: sustainable development
  topic: subjects
subject: Poverty alleviation
  topic: subjects
creator: Moses Zakhele Sithole
creator: Azikiwe Isaac Agholor
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-02-22
publication date: 2022-02-22
starting page: 68
ending page: 80
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2021.6105

A SIMULATE PLANT GROWTH RESPONSE TO BIOCHAR ON UPLAND RICE-COWPEA INTERCROP IN A FERRIC LUVISOLS SOIL IN GHANA
type: item
description: A field experiment was conducted on a ferric luvisols in the Guinea Savannah zone, to compare the growth and yield of rice-cowpea intercrop in which three different biochar sources (groundnut shells, poultry manure, and corn cobs) was enhanced with inorganic fertilizer to boost their cowpea N and P content and were integrated into the soil at a rate of 5 t ha-1 with a depth of 20 cm. It was carried out in 2018-2019 cropping season. A randomized complete block with 4 replications was used. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) was tested against this dataset. The effect of biochar treatments greatly increases growth of rice. The model performed better in simulating the experimental P response of the upland rice at high N levels. The yield of rice was predicted (r2=0.74 and 0.85) in 2018 and 2019 respectively. Biochar amendments to input parameters for the P model, particularly in relation to P amount and uptake for subterranean soil layers were enhanced and fit between experimental and predicted results. The findings showed that cowpea intercrop could be combined with three different sources of biochar to improve soil fertility and crop productivity in areas where N and P are restricted. APSIM performed well in predicting the growth of cowpea well-supplied with P, and the residual biochar and N benefits to a succeeding upland rice crop, including the response to additional inputs of N fertilizer.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Keywords: Agricultural Production Systems sImulator (APSIM), soil layer, biochar, amendment
  topic: keywords
subject: Upland Rice and Biochar
  topic: subjects
subject: Organic Agriculture
  topic: disciplines
creator: Judith Frimpong-Manso
creator: Shaibu Abdul-Ganiyu
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-02-22
publication date: 2022-02-22
starting page: 1
ending page: 19
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2021.6101

ASSESSING UPLAND RICE, BIOCHAR AND SOIL NUTRIENT MODULES IN THE GUINEAN SAVANNA ZONE (NYANKPALA) GHANA
type: item
description: The Agricultural Production System simulator (APSIM) is a cropping modeling program that is employed to address research on intercropping systems. We tested it in the Guinea Savannah zone to increase nutrient and nutrient use efficiency to alter agricultural practices in rice-based farming system. Our approach was to calibrate and test the models Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) intercrop, the interactions between crop growth and soil nitrogen (N), surface organic matter, biochar and the assessment of model projections against independent data sets. During calibration, parameters for crops and soil were developed to ensure that the model adequately captures soil nutrient dynamics under three different biochar plus half rate of inorganic fertilizer root mean square error (RMSE). Soil inorganic N dynamics RMSE 0.18 and 0.216 kg N ha-1 for 2018 and 2019 respectively, contrasting soil N mineralization patterns under the combination of biochar and inorganic fertilizer applications RMSE 3.86 and 3.18 kg N ha-1 for 2018 and 2019 respectively, straw N uptake RMSE 6.71 and 6.67 kg N ha-1 for 2018 and 2019 respectively, grain N uptake RMSE 478.62 and 605.33 kg ha-1 for 2018 and 2019 respectively. The calibrated model was evaluated against independent data on grain yield RMSE 315.18 and 460.04 kg ha-1 for 2018 and 2019 respectively, straw production RMSE 183.64 and100.08 kg ha-1 for 2018 and 2019 respectively and with a highly acceptable yield, particularly with respect to return-N relations. APSIM has proven to be a reliable model for research and decision-making to improve production systems in upland rice-cowpea intercrop in Nyankpala.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agricultural Production System simulator (APSIM)
  topic: keywords
subject: nutrient use efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: biochar
  topic: keywords
subject: intercropping
  topic: keywords
subject: APSIM on upland rice and biochar
  topic: subjects
creator: Judith Frimpong-Manso
creator: Shaibu Abduli-Ganiyu
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-02-22
publication date: 2022-02-22
starting page: 45
ending page: 67
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2021.6104

INTERDISCIPLINARY FUTURE SCENARIO WITH 100PROSIM: FEWER ANIMAL FOODS PROVIDE SPACE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
type: item
description: The climate crisis combines land scarcity, high meat consumption, grubbing-up and environmental disasters. Agriculture needs land to ensure food security. In addition, much forestland is needed to store the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Access to cleaner energy sources and technologies also helps mitigate the climate crisis and the efficiency of wind- and solar-energy-infrastructures is recognized. These energy sources also require land. This raises the question of how land can be used efficiently to ensure food security, forestland and renewable energy in the context of the climate crisis. Scientific approaches are to save land area from animal husbandry by reducing animal products. Meat production is particularly resource intensive and requires more area than crop products. The project “Future Discourses in Environmental Communication” at Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences addresses different social groups in order to discuss the climate crisis, energy system made of 100% renewable energies and land consumption. For this purpose, targeted workshops are conducted in combination with a simulation tool for 100% renewable energy scenarios. The tool, based on Microsoft Excel, simulates for the participants the potential area for energy production from renewable energies as well as the relationship to energy consumption. The results of the workshops show that participants are increasingly taking up the approach of saving land from animal husbandry by producing and consuming less animal and more vegetable-foods. Consequently, there is enough space for a future based on 100% renewable energy. In general, meat consumption is related to political attitudes. Those who consume less meat are considered more environmentally conscious. The hypothesis could therefore put forward that the participants want to show their climate and energy awareness by criticizing meat consumption.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: energy sources
  topic: keywords
subject: renewable energy
  topic: keywords
subject: climate crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: animal food
  topic: keywords
subject: land area
  topic: keywords
subject: agrico 2021
  topic: subjects
subject: renewable energy
  topic: subjects
subject: renewable energy
  topic: disciplines
subject: climate crises
  topic: disciplines
subject: animal food
  topic: disciplines
subject: land use
  topic: disciplines
creator: Helena Karatassios
creator: Anne Schierenbeck
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Proceedings of the International Conference on Agriculture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-02-22
publication date: 2022-02-22
starting page: 33
ending page: 44
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2021.6103

INVESTIGATION OF GAP ADOPTION FOR CHILI GROWERS IN BAAN KAO SUBDISTRICT, SONGKLA PROVINCE, THAILAND
type: item
description: It is generally required by imported countries that exported agricultural commodities must be complied with Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) standard prior to ensure safe consumption. Baan Kao subdistrict, Ranot district is the largest green chili cultivated area of Songkla province. More than 95% of green chili from this area is exported to Malaysia and Singapore. The number of GAP certified chili farms in the area is however less than 3%. To investigate such a low certified rate, a semi-structured questionnaire survey was conducted in early 2018. One hundred and ten out of one hundred and ninety five chili growing households answered the questionnaire. Ninety seven percent of growers are non-GAP certified. The main reasons for not pursuing GAP certification program are the lack of knowledge about benefit of the program for growers and the belief that participation as well as adoption is time-consuming. Perception and adoption of technologies required for GAP certification survey revealed that 4 technologies i.e. compost use, lime use for soil conditioning, diseased crops elimination, and 7-day pesticides withdrawal period were well perceived by more than 90% of responders. Only the 7-day withdrawal period was regularly practiced. Nevertheless, responders have good attitude toward minimization of pesticides use. This revealed data would have implication in strengthening agricultural extension program leading to safer chili farming practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green chili growers
  topic: keywords
subject: Good Agricultural Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: investigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Agriculture
  topic: subjects
subject: Agriculture
  topic: disciplines
creator: Karnjapan Janthawornpong
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Author
date: 2018-12-31
publication date: 2018-12-31
starting page: 22
ending page: 28
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2018.5104

FIRST REPORT OF BIG ONION FLOWER MOLD CAUSED BY Aspergillus niger on Allium cepa L. in SRI LANKA
type: item
description: Big onion is a main cash crop grown in Sri Lanka. However, the crop is highly susceptible to diseases: anthracnose, purple blotch, bulb rot and black mold. Although black mold disease symptoms are associated with the onion bulb, black moldy growth on onion flowers has been observed to be spreading in Sri Lanka during the last decade resulting in the reduction of quantity and quality of onion seeds. Hence, this study was conducted with the objective of isolation and identification of causal agents of the onion flower mold. Big onion flower samples with mold symptoms were collected during Maha season 2016/17 from the major onion growing areas of Anuradhapura and Matale districts. Four organisms were isolated from onion flower: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Collectrotichum and Altenaria. Out of the four, Aspergillus dominated. Hence, Aspergillus sp. isolated from onion flowers was compared with the causative agent of black mold of onion bulbs. Koch’s postulation studies of flower and bulb inoculation with respective Aspergillus isolates resulted the same black color molds in the flower and bulb Inoculation of other fungal isolates did not show the black old symptoms in flower and bulb. PCR amplification with ITS1/ITS4 universal primers confirmed the isolated Aspergillus from flower as well as bulb are to be A. niger. Results confirmed that the onion flower black mould disease is caused by A. niger: the causal organism of onion bulb black mold as well.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aspergillus
  topic: keywords
subject: Black mold
  topic: keywords
subject: Flower
  topic: keywords
subject: Onion
  topic: keywords
subject: Sri Lanka
  topic: keywords
subject: Agriculture
  topic: subjects
subject: Agriculture
  topic: disciplines
creator: W.M.K. Fernando
creator: R.S.W. Wijeratnam
creator: D.M.J.B. Senanayaka
creator: C.M. Nanayakkara
creator: W.A.R. Dhammika
creator: W.M.W. Weerakoon
creator: A.M. Perera
creator: W.M.S.D.K. Wijerathna
creator: D.M.K. Dissanayake
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Authors
date: 2018-12-31
publication date: 2018-12-31
starting page: 7
ending page: 14
doi: 10.17501/26827018.2018.5102